Morphowiki

認識 Morphowiki

Morphowiki 並非傳統按 A–Z 排序的單字書，而是一個將單字拆解為字首、字根與字尾，並在各節點間建立雙向參照的知識網絡。本頁將說明此架構的運作方式，以及為何這種儲存結構能有效提升您的學習效率與教學準備。

What is a Morphowiki

Morphowiki is not an A–Z word list. It is a graph that breaks each word into prefixes, roots, and suffixes, with two-way links between every word and every morpheme it uses. This page explains what that graph looks like and why it helps you — both for your own English study and for teaching prep.

核心機制與價值

傳統單字學習往往將 international、national、nation、native、nature 視為五個獨立的條目分別記憶。然而，這五個單字其實共用同一個拉丁字根 nat（意為「出生」）。一旦掌握了 nat 的含義，相關單字的理解便能「事半功倍」。

「語素（Morpheme）」是英文中最小且帶有意義的拼寫單位，包含字首（inter-、un-、re-）、字根（nat、act、form）與字尾（-ion、-al、-able）。英文中常見且具高衍生能力的語素約僅百餘個；只要熟悉這些語素，學習者在面對陌生單字時，將不再只是查閱字典，而是具備「拆解與推論」的能力。

Morphowiki 將這種網狀結構落實於檔案系統中：每個單字與語素均有獨立檔案，並透過雙向連結緊密關聯。您可以由單字深入探究其組成零件，也能由語素反向搜尋所有相關單字。這種方式更貼近母語者的「字感（Word Sense）」，而非死記硬背單字表。

教學洞察：字彙量的增長並非線性。學習一個高衍生力的字根，通常能同時掌握五到十個相關單字。Morphowiki 的設計宗旨即是讓這種連結變得視覺化且直覺。

Why this exists

A traditional vocabulary list treats international, national, nation, native, and nature as five unrelated entries — one memorized at a time. But all five share the same Latin root nat (meaning "born"). Once you see that, the other five almost arrive for free.

A morpheme is the smallest spelling unit in English that still carries meaning — prefixes (inter-, un-, re-), roots (nat, act, form), and suffixes (-ion, -al, -able) all count. English has roughly a hundred or so high-frequency, productive morphemes. Any English learner — including you — who knows them does not reach for a dictionary when an unfamiliar word shows up; they parse it.

A morphowiki bakes this graph into the file system: one file per word, one file per morpheme, and two-way links between them. You can drill down from a word to its parts, or climb back up from a part to every word that uses it. It is closer to how a native speaker actually feels English than any flat word list.

The teaching insight: vocabulary growth is not linear. Learning one productive root can unlock five to ten derived words at once. The morphowiki structure exists to make that visible and clickable.

結構實例

以單字 international 在 dictionary 目錄中的存放結構為例：

1. 單字檔：dictionary/words/international.md

每個收錄的單字皆有其專屬的 Markdown 檔案。在「## 拆解」區塊中，會詳細列出其組成的語素及其對應的 Wiki-link： 

# international

**詞性**: adj.
**IPA**: /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl/
**中文釋義**: 國際的；跨國的

## 拆解
- 字首: [[../prefix/inter-]] `inter-` — 在…之間、相互
- 字根: [[../root/nat]]     `nat`    — 出生（源自拉丁文 nasci）
- 字尾: [[../suffix/-ion]]  `-ion`   — 名詞字尾，表動作或結果
- 字尾: [[../suffix/-al]]   `-al`    — 形容詞字尾，表「與…有關的」

邏輯層級可視覺化如下：

international
   = inter-   +   nat   +   -ion   +   -al
   (字首)        (字根)      (字尾)      (字尾)
    在…之間        出生        動作        形容詞化

2. 語素檔：dictionary/root/nat.md

語素（如字根 nat）亦擁有獨立檔案。其中的「## Words containing this」區塊會自動彙整所有包含該語素的單字，形成強大的反向索引： 

# nat

**類型**: root
**意義**: 出生（源自拉丁文 nasci「to be born」）

## Words containing this
- [[../words/international]]
- [[../words/national]]
- [[../words/native]]
- [[../words/nation]]
- [[../words/nature]]

洞悉字彙關聯： 您原本可能只是想查詢 international，但透過點擊 nat 字根，會驚喜地發現 nation、native、nature 全都源自同脈。這種「系統性獲取」而非「零散記憶」的方式，正是 Morphowiki 的核心價值。

3. 雙向連結：任一維度的知識漫遊

本架構最關鍵的設計在於連結的對等與雙向性：

  • 維度 A（單字到組件）： 從 international.md 點擊語素連結，深入解析零件含義。
  • 維度 B（組件到族群）： 從 nat.md 橫向擴展，發現共享同一組件的所有單字家族。

在這張知識網漫遊時，您每收錄一個新進單字，就會觸發更多字首、字尾的連結；點擊這些連結又能導向更多相關單字。這將構建出一張無限擴展的「字感地圖」。

A concrete example

Here is what the word international actually looks like in the dictionary.

1. The word file: dictionary/words/international.md

Every ingested word has a markdown file. Inside, a ## 拆解 (breakdown) section lists every morpheme, and each one is a wiki-link: 

# international

**詞性**: adj.
**IPA**: /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl/
**中文釋義**: 國際的;跨國的

## 拆解
- 字首: [[../prefix/inter-]] `inter-` — between, mutually
- 字根: [[../root/nat]]     `nat`    — born (Latin nasci, "to be born")
- 字尾: [[../suffix/-ion]]  `-ion`   — noun suffix: action / result
- 字尾: [[../suffix/-al]]   `-al`    — adjective suffix: "related to"

You can picture it like this:

international
   = inter-   +   nat   +   -ion   +   -al
   (prefix)     (root)     (suffix)    (suffix)
    between      born       action      adj-ifies

2. The root file: dictionary/root/nat.md

The root nat has its own file. Inside is a ## Words containing this section listing every word that uses it: 

# nat

**類型**: root
**意義**: born (Latin nasci, "to be born")

## Words containing this
- [[../words/international]]
- [[../words/national]]
- [[../words/native]]
- [[../words/nation]]
- [[../words/nature]]

This is the "aha" moment: you looked up international, clicked through to nat, and suddenly realized nation, native, and nature are all on the same thread. One root, five words at once — and not by rote, by understanding.

3. Two-way links, both directions walkable

The crucial part is that the link runs both ways:

  • From international.md, you can click [[../root/nat]] and jump to nat.md.
  • From nat.md, you can click [[../words/international]] to jump back, or sideways into native.md or nature.md.

As you wander the graph, each new word introduces new prefixes and suffixes; clicking those leads to more new words. The result is an ever-expanding map of English instincts, rather than a memorized list.

幕後流程：/ingest international 的運作機制

理解「知識網如何自動構建」有助於您更有效地維護字典。當您執行 /ingest international 時，系統將按照以下步驟運作：

  1. 語素拆解： Claude 會依據詞源學將 international 精確拆解為 inter- + nat + -ion + -al，並分別標註語意。
  2. 建立單字檔： 生成 dictionary/words/international.md，內容涵蓋詞性、IPA、詞源、記憶法及 Wiki-link 拆解區。
  3. 同步語素檔： 針對拆解出的每個語素（字首、字根或字尾），系統若偵測到其檔案不存在則會新建；若已存在，則會在其「## Words containing this」區塊中自動添加反向連結並按字母排序。
  4. 遞迴收錄中間單字： international 的組成路徑中包含 nation 與 national等真實存在且具備衍生價值的單字。系統會自動對這些「中間節點」執行遞迴收錄，確保 nat 字根的反向連結能一次勾勒出整個家族全貌。
  5. 完整雙向關聯： 此後，只要語素檔更新，包含該語素的所有單字均會同步受惠；反之亦然。

上述流程完全自動化，確保了 Morphowiki 的核心特性：資料一致性。這也是為何所有內建功能（Skills）都嚴格遵守「兩端同步」原則的原因。

What happens behind the scenes: /ingest international

This is a concept page, not a how-to. But understanding why this graph grows itself is useful background. When you type /ingest international in Claude Code, roughly this happens:

  1. The LLM decomposes the word: Claude uses strict etymological decomposition to break international into inter- + nat + -ion + -al, with a short gloss for each.
  2. The word file is written: dictionary/words/international.md is created, including frontmatter, definitions, the breakdown section shown above, etymology notes, a mnemonic, and an empty notes section.
  3. Each morpheme file is created or updated: for each of inter-, nat, -ion, and -al — if the file does not exist, it is created; if it does, - [[../words/international]] is inserted into its ## Words containing this section in alphabetical order, deduplicated.
  4. Intermediate words are recursively ingested: while decomposing international, the LLM passes through nation and national — themselves real English words. The skill recurses into them too (unless they already exist or are in the stop-list), so nat.md ends up listing all three in a single pass.
  5. The bidirectional graph is now complete: from this moment on, any update to nat.md means another word joined the network; any new word that links to [[../root/nat]] also appears on the nat.md page.

The whole flow is automated by the /ingest skill — you never edit markdown by hand. But the rule that two-way links must always update both ends is the core invariant of the morphowiki, and every skill respects it.

常見誤區與補充說明

並非所有單字都能進行邏輯拆解。 英語中有大量源自日耳曼語系的日常基礎詞（如 happy, build, run），它們本身即為獨立且不可分割的語素。Morphowiki 會尊重語言事實，不會為了拆解而強行硬湊。對於這類詞彙，系統將僅以單一節點形式收錄。

此外，純粹的外來借詞（Loanwords，如 sushi, taco）會被標記並僅進入單字庫，而不會建立虛擬的字根頁，以防止 AI 生成邏輯錯誤的衍生詞。

「字根」與「一般教材」的定義差異。 部分教材可能會將 nation 視為字根，但本專案基於嚴緊的詞源學：由於 nation 本身還能細分為 nat + -ion，因此在本系統中 nat 才是真正的「字根」，而 nation 則被歸類為具備多重語素的「單字」。這種設計能確保所有家族成員都能精準回溯到最底層的拉丁或希臘文根源。

後續步驟

Common misunderstandings & next steps

Not every word breaks down cleanly. English has a huge stock of everyday Germanic words (happy, build, run) that are native free morphemes — no Latin or Greek prefixes and suffixes to peel off. The morphowiki does not force decomposition. /ingest happy simply records happy as a single root and does not invent a fake prefix.

Pure whole-word loanwords (sushi, karaoke, taco) are flagged as loanwords by /ingest: they go into the word dictionary but no root page is created, so the system will not later assemble fictional derivatives like "sushify".

"Root" is not the same as "textbook root". Many ESL textbooks present nation as a root. This project uses strict etymology: nation still decomposes into nat + -ion, so here nation is a word and nat is the root. The payoff is that every derived word in the family back-links cleanly to the same root page.

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